Causes, Treatment, and Impact of Congenital Upper Limb Deformities
Congenital upper limb deformities are conditions that affect the development and structure of one or both arms before birth. These differences can range in severity, from missing or underdeveloped fingers, hands, or forearm bones to fused or webbed fingers.
The causes are often genetic, environmental, or a combination of both. Risk factors may include family history, maternal smoking, or exposure to certain medications or chemicals during pregnancy. In many cases, however, the exact cause is unknown.
Treatment depends on the type and severity of the deformity and may include surgical reconstruction, prosthetic devices, occupational therapy to build motor skills, and psychological support for children and families. The goal is to improve function, support daily activities, and enhance quality of life.