Humerus Fracture

Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment of Humerus Fractures

A humerus fracture is a break in the upper arm bone. The humerus runs from the shoulder to the elbow and can break at the top near the shoulder, in the shaft along the middle of the arm, or at the bottom near the elbow. Fractures may be simple and stable, or they may be more complex with displacement or multiple bone fragments.

Humerus fractures are commonly caused by falls, direct trauma, or accidents. Symptoms usually include sudden pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty moving the arm. In some cases, the arm may look deformed or shortened, or there may be numbness or weakness if nearby nerves are affected.

Diagnosis is made with a physical examination and imaging such as X-rays. Treatment depends on the location and severity of the fracture. Many stable fractures can be treated with a sling, splint, or cast to keep the arm still while it heals. More severe or displaced fractures may require surgery to realign and stabilize the bone with plates, screws, or rods.

Recovery time varies depending on the type of fracture and treatment method. Most people require several weeks to months for full healing. Physical therapy is often needed after immobilization or surgery to restore strength, range of motion, and function of the arm. With proper treatment, most humerus fractures heal well, though severe cases may carry a risk of stiffness or long-term complications.