Osteonecrosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Osteonecrosis, also known as avascular necrosis, occurs when blood supply to a section of bone is disrupted, leading to the death of bone tissue. Without proper blood flow, the affected bone can weaken, collapse, and cause joint damage over time. This condition can affect any bone but is most commonly seen in the hip, knee, shoulder, or ankle.
Causes of osteonecrosis include traumatic injury (such as a fracture or dislocation), long-term use of corticosteroids, excessive alcohol use, certain medical conditions, or complications from surgery. In some cases, the cause may not be known.
Symptoms often develop gradually and may include joint pain that worsens with activity, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. As the condition progresses, pain may become constant and interfere with daily function. If the joint surface collapses, arthritis may develop in the affected area.
Diagnosis is made through a physical exam and imaging such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to assess bone structure and detect early changes. Early detection is important for preserving joint function and preventing progression.
Treatment depends on the stage of the condition. In early cases, non-surgical approaches such as medications, activity modification, and physical therapy may help manage symptoms. More advanced cases may require surgical intervention, including procedures to restore blood flow, remove damaged bone, or replace the joint.
At Slocum, our orthopedic specialists provide comprehensive care for osteonecrosis, working to relieve pain, protect joint health, and support long-term mobility.