Bone Metastases (Metastatic Bone Cancer)

Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Bone Metastases

Bone metastases, also called secondary bone cancer or secondary malignant neoplasm of bone, occur when cancer cells from another part of the body spread to the bones. This is common in advanced stages of cancers such as breast, lung, prostate, or kidney cancer. The cancer cells travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, invade the bones, and weaken their structure.

Symptoms may include bone pain, fractures, reduced mobility, and in some cases, increased risk of infection. Because affected bones are weakened, they are more likely to break even with minor stress.

Diagnosis is usually made using imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or bone scans.

Treatment focuses on controlling symptoms, preventing fractures, and improving quality of life. Options may include radiation therapy, medications such as bisphosphonates to strengthen bone, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy, depending on the type and stage of the primary cancer. Care typically involves close collaboration between oncologists and orthopedic specialists.