Nail Fungus: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Tinea unguium, commonly known as nail fungus or onychomycosis, is a fungal infection that affects the nails. It is caused by various types of fungi, including dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds. This condition often starts as a small white or yellow spot under the tip of the nail and gradually spreads, causing the nail to become thickened, discolored, and brittle. Tinea unguium is more common in toenails than in fingernails and can be quite persistent and difficult to treat.
Risk factors for developing nail fungus include poor hygiene, excessive moisture, weakened immune system, aging, diabetes, and certain occupations. It can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person or by sharing contaminated items like nail clippers or socks.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing tinea unguium effectively. Treatment options may include topical antifungal medications, oral antifungal drugs, or a combination of both. In severe cases, surgical removal of the affected nail may be necessary. Preventive measures such as keeping nails clean and dry, avoiding sharing personal items, and wearing breathable footwear can help reduce the risk of developing this condition.